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International Review of Civil Engineering - September 2010 - Papers

The Stage-discharge, Sediment Transport, Bedforms and Drag Force Influenced by Floodplain Roughness

Spectrum Response of Earthen Buildings

Seismic Analysis of a Building of four Levels; Making a Comparison, Despising and Considering the Deformations by Sharp

Shear Capacity of High Performance Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Unlimited Beam Response on Elastic Sub-grade to a Rolling Body

A Look at Japan’s Shrinking Society from Water Perspective

Effect of Salinity on Suspended Cohesive Sediments

International Review of Civil Engineering - Papers

The Stage-discharge, Sediment Transport, Bedforms and Drag Force Influenced by Floodplain Roughness

by Z. Ismail, K. Shiono

Vol. 1. n. 4, pp. 260-265

Abstract - Laboratory experiments concerning stage-discharge, sediment transport, bedforms and sediment transport have been conducted in a meandering channel with simulated non-vegetated and vegetated floodplains for overbank flow. The effect of placing solid blocks, as a model of rigid emergent vegetation, on a floodplain adjacent to a meandering channel is considered. Stage-discharge curves, sediment transport, bedforms and drag force FD are determined in different arrangements of blocks. The results from the laboratory model tests show that placing solid blocks along some part of the bend section give a significant effect on stage-discharge curves and sediment transport rates. The change in stage for block cases compared with no block case shows a significant increase in stage. The sediment transport rate shows that the main channel flow increases or decreases dependent on the block arrangement on the floodplains.

Keywords: Vegetation, Meandering channel, Flooding, Stage-discharge, Sediment transport.

Spectrum Response of Earthen Buildings
by M. A. El Azreq, A. El Hammoumi, A. Iben Brahim, A. El Mouraouah, M. Kerroum, K. Gueraoui, M. Kasmi, A. Birouk

Vol. 1. n. 4, pp. 266-274

Abstract - The seismic demand of a building is determined using a response spectrum which has the maximum response of a system of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) based on its frequency. The Moroccan seismic regulations RPS2000 offers a spectrum of elastic acceleration for average stiff soil by considering a damping of 5% corresponding to structures made with materials considered by current standards (concrete, steel ...), but raw earth buildings are not part of this category of constructions and so we do not have tools to assess seismic demand and hence the seismic vulnerability of traditional structures. Our objective through this study is to develop a specific response spectrum Earthen raw deduced from RPS2008, established in order to assess their seismic vulnerability. This purpose we adopt two approaches, one experimental with graphical solution and the other theoretical with analytical verification. This approach allowed us to calculate an approximate value of reduced damping for adobe buildings and plot response spectra related.

Keywords: Response Spectrum, damping, amplification, Stiffness, Frequency.

Seismic Analysis of a Building of four Levels; Making a Comparison, Despising and Considering the Deformations by Sharp
by Arnulfo Luévanos Rojas

Vol. 1. n. 4, pp. 275-279

Abstract - A comparison is applied to a seismic analysis of a building of four levels with steel doing, despising and considering the deformations by sharp. Two models were developed: The model # 1 not deigns the deformations by sharp. The model # 2 considers the deformations by sharp. The modal analysis and spectral analysis of both models used software MATLAB. For the static analysis applied software COLIBRI for first and software DINAFACIL for the second, was taken into account this software indeed because they are become attached to such conditions already mentioned. As far as obtained results they were observed that the second is economic approximately 3% as far as the mechanical elements (Axial Forces, Forces Sharp and Flexionantes Moments) and in addition is the one that is become attached but to the reality.

Keywords: Modal Analysis, Spectral Analysis, Values and Vectors Characteristic, Factor of Modal Participation, Spectral Acceleration and Vector of Normal Coordinates Principles.

Shear Capacity of High Performance Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
by Dhirendra Singhal, Bal Krishan

Vol. 1. n. 4, pp. 280-288

Abstract - It is now an established fact that the inclusions of fibers into concrete results in significant improvement in shear capacity of concrete as well the failure mode of composite changes from brittle to ductile. If an improvement through the inclusion of fibers in the properties of concrete is properly considered, this will lead to reduced congestion of steel particularly at beam column junction as well as the failure mode from shear to flexure will be obtained. In spite of these facts steel fiber reinforced concrete has not yet got that wide applicability as it should have. The present study has been undertaken to assess correctly the ultimate shear capacity of high performance steel fiber reinforced concrete beam. High performance concrete was chosen as it is a futuristic material and has desired strength, workability and durability. Beams were cast with different grades of concrete, shapes of fibers, with and without shear reinforcement. Based on experimental testing, an equation to assess ultimate shear capacity was achieved. The same equation was applied over the specimens tested by other authors and was found validated.

Keywords: Compressive Strength, Shear Reinforcement, Tensile Strength, Ultimate Shear Capacity.

Unlimited Beam Response on Elastic Sub-grade to a Rolling Body
by Shahin Nayyeri Amiri, Asad Esmaeily

Vol. 1. n. 4, pp. 289-300

Abstract - The traveling wave response of an unlimited beam on an elastic sub-grade to a moving body with a spatial distribution of mass was investigated in this study. The two cases of neglecting the axial and friction force; and including a constant axial force but neglecting the friction force were studied. The pertinent differential equations of motion were derived and solutions were obtained using the traveling wave phenomenon. The deflection curves and deflections under the load, as well as dynamic coefficients and the effects of neglecting various acceleration components on the deflection curves were found. The effects of the critical velocity of the beam on the aforesaid cases and parameters were also explored in this study.

Keywords: Unlimited beam response, Elastic sub-grade, Rolling mass.

A Look at Japan’s Shrinking Society from Water Perspective
by Guangwei Huang

Vol. 1. n. 4, pp. 301-306

Abstract - Shrinking Cities is a relatively new phenomenon. It is getting more attention as an emerging research agenda since the number of countries facing this problem is increasing. This paper outlined the population trend and distribution characteristics of Japan, and examined potential problems in water sector in relation to shrinkage. Moreover, the root of water-related problems in Japan was discussed. To quantify the state of shrinking, a modeling framework was proposed. Finally, a countermeasure was presented to deal with flood disasters in shrinking time.

Keywords: Shrinking, Population, Flood, Multi-purpose road.

Effect of Salinity on Suspended Cohesive Sediments
by V. Chandra, P. K. Mohapatra, G. Hillebrand, F. Nestmann

Vol. 1. n. 4, pp. 307-315

Abstract - Experiments are conducted in an annular flume to determine the effect of salinity on the evolution of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of four cohesive sediments (alumina, kaolin, Rhine river mud and silica) with different degrees of salinity. A turbidity sensor is placed at mid flow depth to record the variation of turbidity. These turbidity values are converted to the corresponding SSC. The obtained time variation of the SSC is approximated as an exponential decay function. The flocculation and settling processes of alumina are enhanced with salinity. Alumina attained the highest settling velocity in 35 g/l salinity. The deposition of kaolin increased with an increase in the degree of salinity and quickly reached a steady state concentration (Ceq). The settling velocity of kaolin is positively correlated to the degree of salinity. The deposition of Rhine mud is significantly decreased with salinity. Similarly, silica deposits faster with zero salinity than in saline water. The settling velocity of silica showed identical behavior in saline water irrespective of degree of salinity. In the presence of salinity, kaolin and silica attained the highest and lowest overall settling velocities, respectively. Deposition rate increases with an increase in the initial suspended sediment concentration (Co), which affects the ratio of Ceq/Co in the presence of salinity.

Keywords: Annular flume, Flocculation, Salinity, Suspended Sediment Concentration, Settling Velocity.